Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia
Articles
VIEWS: 655
10.7454/jki.v25i3.1227
Submitted: 2023-01-19
Published: 2022-11-30

Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition in the Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
child hospitalization malnutrition weight-loss

Abstract

Malnutrition is a global problem, from which hospitalized patients are not exempt. Hospital-acquired malnutrition (HaM) is associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric patients. Therefore, health professionals need to understand the factors related to the issue in such patients. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of HaM in pediatric patients. It employed a cross-sectional design involving children from one month to 18 years old who had been hospitalized for at least 72 hours. HaM was determined by a weight loss of more than 2% by the fourth day of hospitalization. The final sample was 373, from which it was indicated that the prevalence of HaM was 7%. There were statistically significant correlations between HaM and predictor factors, including age (p = 0.001), type of disease (p = 0.017), weight on admission (p = 0.001), nutritional therapy (p = 0.012), and class of ward (p = 0.001). However, the correlation between HaM and length of stay was not statistically significant. HaM occurred in younger patients in relation to infectious diseases, low admission weight, enteral nutrition therapy, longer hospital stays, and lower ward class. Nurses are expected to monitor pediatric patients’ condition, including regular anthropometric measurement, to identify the initial signs of HaM.

 

Abstrak

Malnutrisi Didapat di Rumah Sakit Pada Pasien Anak di Indonesia: Studi Potong Lintang. Malnutrisi masih menjadi masalah global, termasuk pada pasien di rumah sakit. Malnutrisi didapat di rumah sakit (MDdRS) berkaitan dengan hasil yang buruk terhadap pasien anak sehingga tenaga kesehatan perlu mengetahui faktor yang berkaitan dengan MDdRS pada pasien anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian MDdRS pada pasien anak. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada pasien anak usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun dan dirawat minimal 72 jam. MDdRS ditentukan berdasarkan penurunan berat badan lebih dari 2% pada hari rawat keempat. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 373 dengan hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi MDdRS sebesar 7%. Faktor yang berpengaruh secara statistik pada kejadian malnutrisi di rumah sakit adalah usia(p = 0,001), jenis penyakit (p = 0,017), berat badan pada awal masuk rumah sakit (p = 0,001), terapi nutrisi (p = 0.012), dan kelas perawatan (p = 0,001). Lama rawat memiliki hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik dengan kejadian MDdRS. Kejadian MDdRS terjadi pada usia yang lebih muda, jenis penyakit infeksi, berat badan awal masuk yang lebih rendah, terapi nutrisi enteral, lama rawat yang lebih tinggi, dan kelas perawatan yang lebih rendah. Perawat diharapkan dapat memantau kondisi pasien anak, termasuk mengukur antropometri secara berkala untuk mengidentifikasi tanda awal MDdRS.

Kata Kunci: anak, kehilangan berat badan, malnutrisi, rumah sakit

References

  1. Baxter, J.-A.B., Al-Madhak, F.I., & Zlotkin, S.H. (2014). Prevalence of malnutrition at the time of admission among patients admitted to a Canadian tertiary-care paediatric hospital. Paediatrics & Child Health, 19(8), 413–417. doi: 10.1093/pch/19.8.413.
  2. Budiputri, G.L., Suryawan, I.W.B., & Dewi, M.R. (2020). Analisis faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Malnutrisi Rumah Sakit (MRS) pada pasien anak di Bangsal Kaswari, RSUD Wangaya, Bali, Indonesia. Intisari Sains Medis, 11(2), 680–685. doi: 10.15562/ism.v11i2.647.
  3. Campanozzi, A., Russo, M., Catucci, A., Rutigliano, I., Canestrino, G., Giardino, I., Romondia, A., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2009). Hospital-acquired malnutrition in children with mild clinical conditions. Nutrition, 25(5), 540–547. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.026.
  4. Cass, A.R., & Charlton, K.E. (2022). Prevalence of hospital‐acquired malnutrition and modifiable determinants of nutritional deterioration during inpatient admissions: A systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 35(6), 1043–1058. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13009.
  5. Chimera-Khombe, B., Barcus, G., Schaffner, A., & Papathakis, P. (2022). High prevalence, low identification and screening tools of hospital malnutrition in critically-ill patients in Malawi. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 1158–1164. doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01087-5.
  6. Hecht, C., Weber, M., Grote, V., Daskalou, E., Dell'Era, L., Flynn, D., Gerasimidis, K., Gottrand, F., Hartman, C., Hulst, C. (2015). Disease associated malnutrition correlates with length of hospital stay in children. Clinical Nutrition, 34(1), 53–59. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.01.003
  7. Juliaty, A. (2013). Malnutrisi rumah sakit pada bangsal anak Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Sari Pediatri, 15(2), 65–68.
  8. Maryani, E., Prawrirohartono, E.P., & Nugroho, S. (2016). Faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak. Sari Pediatri, 18(4), 278–284.
  9. Merhi, V.A.L., & de Aquino, J.L.B. (2014). Determinants of malnutrition and post-operative complications in hospitalized surgical patients. Journal of Health Population and Nutriton, 32(3), 400–410.
  10. Pacheco-Acosta, J.C., Gomez-Correa, A.C., Florez, I.D., Cortés, J.E., Velez, D., Gomez, J., Munera, M., & Arboleda, S. (2014). Incidence of nutrition deterioration in nonseriously ill hospitalized children younger than 5 years. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 29(5), 692–697. doi: 10.1177/0884533614533122.
  11. Pravana, N., Piryani, S., Chaurasiya, S., Kawan, R., Thapa, R., & Shrestha, S. (2017). Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Nepal: A community-based case–control study. BMJ Open, 7(8), e017084. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-01708.
  12. Rodriguez, L., Cervantes, E., & Ortiz, R. (2011). Malnutrition and gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children: A public health problem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(4), 1174–1205. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8041174.
  13. Teixeira, V.P., Miranda, R.C., & Baptista, D.R. (2016). Malnutrition on admission, length of hospital stay and mortality of hospitalized patients in a tertiary hospital, Demetra: Food, Nutrition & Health, 11(1), 239–251. doi: 10.12957/demetra.2016.18457.
  14. Tette, E.M.A., Sifah, E.K., & Nartey, E.T. (2015). Factors affecting malnutrition in children and the uptake of interventions to prevent the condition. BMC Pediatrics, 15, 189. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0496-3.
  15. Thomas, M.N., Kufeldt, J., Kisser, U., Hornung, H-M., Hoffmann, J., Andraschko, M., Werner, J., & Rittler, P. (2016). Effects of malnutrition on complication rates, length of hospital stay, and revenue in elective surgical patients in the G-DRG-system. Nutrition, 32(2), 249–254. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.021.
  16. Villares, J.M., Calderón, V.V., & García, C.B. (2016). Malnutrition in children admitted to hospital. Results of a national survey. Anales de Pediatria, 86(5), 270–276. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.12.013.
  17. Waitzberg, D.L., Caiaffa, W.T., & Correia, M.I.T.D. (2001). Hospital malnutrition: The Brazilian national survey (IBRANUTRI): A study of 4000 patients. Nutrition, 17(7–8), 573–580. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00573-1.

How to Cite

Falahaini, A., & Wanda, D. (2022). Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition in the Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 25(3), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v25i3.1227