Abstract
Abstrak
Kualitas hidup menjadi masalah penting dalam pengalaman para pengidap penyakit kanker yang telah berhasil mengendalikan penyakitnya dan memperpanjang masa hidup yang harus dilaluinya (Ersek, Ferrel, Dow, & Melancon, 1997). Ironisnya, tidak banyak yang peduli dengan tingkat kualitas hidup mereka selama menghabiskan sisa hidupnya (Stetz, 1998). Pengalaman lapangan menunjukan banyak klien mengeluh dan mengemukakan harapan yang ingin didapatkan selama klien diberikan pelayanan. Dengan dilakukan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan model intervensi keperawatan yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup klien pengidap kanker. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui dua pendekatan yaitu kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pada penerbitan ini, hasil penelitian ditampilkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga kuesioner untuk mengidentifikasi profil demografik klien dan pengasuh, tingkat kualitas hidup klien pengidap kanker yang menerima pelayanan hospis, serta faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup klien. Melalui data ini, dikembangkan suatu model intervensi keperawatan. Responden yang telah berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini adalah 66 orang klien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 63.7% responden didiagnosis sebagai kanker payudara dan kanker ginekologik. Sedangkan responden yang berada pada stadium III dan IV sebanyak 72.8%. Mayoritas (77.3%) responden menyatakan bahwa faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup klien adalah keberadaan keluarga di samping klien. Pada uji pearson chi-square, variable jenis kanker, stadium kanker, dan pekerjaan menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas hidup (p=0.04; p = 0.013; p = 0.018 dengan ï¡ = 0.05). Hasil uji regresi logistik ditemukan pekerjaan dan stadium penyakit telah berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas hdup (p = 0.025 dan p = 0.021, ï¡ = 0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian, dukungan dan keberadaan keluarga sangat diperlukan oleh seseorang pengidap kanker dalam menjalani sisa-sisa hidupnya. Implikasi riset ditunjukkan untuk upaya meningkatkan kualitas hdup klien kanker dilihat dari aspek pemberdayaan klien, keluarga, tim kesehatan, dan fasilitas untuk mempertahankan kegiatan harian klien selama periode terminal penyakitnya.
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Abstract
Quality of life is an important issue among clients with cancer who had succeeded to control their illness and extend their life trajectory (Ersek, Ferrel, Dow, & Melancon, 1997). However, not so many people concern with their quality of life during their terminal period (Stetz, 1998). Field experience showed many patients complain and express what they want to expect from the service provided. The purpose of the study was to develop a nursing intervention model that can improve the quality of life of the clients with cancer. Two approaches was utilized in collecting data includes quantitative and qualitative research methodes, but on this publication only the result of quantitative research which will be presented. Three questionnaires were used in quantitative approach to identify the demographic profile of the clients and their caregiver, to identify the level of quality of life of the clients receiving hospice/ home care service, and factors that influenced the quality of life. Through this data, the development of nursing intervention model was developed. The finding showed that 63.7% of respondents were diagnosed with breast and gynecologic cancers. The respondent who had advance cancer (stages III and IV) were 72.8%. Seventy seven point three percent of respondents stated that the most influencing factor to quality of life was the presence of their family. A pearson chi-square test showed significant relationships between the type of cancer, stages, job of the clients and quality of life (p = 0.04, 0.013, 0.018 respectively with ï¡ = 0.015). A logistic regression test demonstrated that job of the clients and stadium of illness had significant relationships with quality of life of clients (p = 0.025 & 0.02, ï¡ = 0.05). The conclusion of this study was the presence and supports of family were two important factors needed by clients with cancer. The nursing implication has directed to the efforts improving the quality of the life of client daily activities during their terminal period.
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