Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia
Articles
VIEWS: 1043
10.7454/jki.v26i1.1947
Submitted: 2023-05-16
Published: 2023-03-31

The Quality of Life of Adolescents Experiencing Online Game Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic

School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183
School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183
addiction adolescent online game quality of life

Abstract

The availability of the internet and the increase in stress in adolescents caused by the pandemic have led adolescents to frequently seek entertainment through online games. Online gaming can negatively impact adolescents by causing a decline in their physical health, psychological issues, difficulty forming healthy social relationships, and decline their quality of life. This study identified the relationship between online game addiction and the quality of life of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research utilized a cross-sectional approach and involved 96 adolescents as the research sample selected using the incidental sampling method. Data collection was carried out using the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescent and WHOQOL-Bref, while the Spearman Rho test was used for data analysis. The results of the data analysis showed a significance p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and r = -0.711, indicating that there was a unidirectional relationship between online game addiction and quality of life. Thus, it can be concluded that the higher the level of online game addiction, the lower the quality of life of adolescents. 

 

Abstrak 

Kualitas Hidup Remaja yang Mengalami Kecanduan Game Online Selama Pandemi COVID-19. Ketersediaan internet dan meningkatnya stres remaja akibat pandemi membuat remaja sering mencari hiburan melalui game online. Bermain game online secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan mereka mengalami kecanduan. Hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti penurunan kesehatan fisik, masalah psikologis, hubungan sosial dan penurunan kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kecanduan game online dengan kualitas hidup remaja selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dan memilih 96 remaja sebagai sampel penelitian yang dipilih dengan metode incidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Game Addiction Scale for Adolescent dan WHOQOL-Bref, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman Rho. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan signifikansi nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05) dan r = -0,711, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan searah antara kecanduan game online dengan kualitas hidup. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat kecanduan game online maka kualitas hidup remaja akan semakin rendah.

Kata Kunci: game online, kecanduan, kualitas hidup, remaja

References

  1. Ahmed, G.K., Abdalla, A.A., Mohamed, A.M., Mohamed, L.A., & Shamaa, H.A. (2022). Relationship between time spent playing internet gaming apps and behavioral problems, sleep problems, alexithymia, and emotion dysregulations in children: A multicentre study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16 (1), 67. doi: 10.1186/S13034-022-00502-w.
  2. Al Dhaheri, A.S., Bataineh, M.F., Mohamad, M.N., Ajab, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A.H., Habib-Mourad, C., Abu Jamous, D.O., Ali, H.I., Al Sabbah, H., Hasan, H., Stojanovska, L., Hashim, M., Abd Elhameed, O.A., Obaid, R.R.S., ElFeky, S., Saleh, S.T., Osaili, T.M., & Ismail, L.C. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PLOS ONE, 16 (3), e0249107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249107.
  3. Almutairi, T.A., Almutairi, K.S., Ragab, K.M., Nourelden, A.Z., Assar, A., Matar, S., Rashid, H.H., Elsayed, M., Fathallah, A.H., Spitzer, M., Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C., & Collaboration Team. (2023). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with psychiatric comorbidities among a sample of adults in three Arab countries. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30 (1), 8. doi: 10.1186/S43045-023-00280-x.
  4. Ariatama, B., Effendy, E., & Amin, M.M. (2019). Relationship between internet gaming disorder with depressive syndrome and dopamine transporter condition in online games player. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7 (16), 2638–2642. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.476.
  5. Batubara, J.R. (2010). Adolescent development (Perkembangan remaja). Sari Pediatri, 12 (1), 21–29. doi: 10.14238/sp12.1.2010.21-9.
  6. Carras, M.C., Shi, J., Hard, G., & Saldanha, I.J. (2020). Evaluating the quality of evidence for gaming disorder: A summary of systematic reviews of associations between gaming disorder and depression or anxiety. In PLOS ONE, 15 (10), e0240032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240032.
  7. Choi, C., Hums, M.A., & Bum, C. (2018). Impact of the family environment on juvenile mental health: eSports online game addiction and delinquency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (12), 2850. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122850.
  8. Choi, I., Kim, J.H., Kim, N., Choi, E., Choi, J., Suk, H.W., & Na, J. (2021). How COVID-19 affected mental wellbeing: An 11- week trajectories of daily well-being of Koreans amidst COVID-19 by age, gender and region. PLOS ONE, 16 (4), e0250252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250252.
  9. Dahlan, S. (2014). Statistik untuk kedokteran dan kesehatan (6th Ed.). Epidemiologi Indonesia.
  10. Donati, M.A., Guido, C.A., De Meo, G., Spalice, A., Sanson, F., Beccari, C., & Primi, C. (2021). Gaming among children and adolescents during the covid-19 lockdown: The role of parents in time spent on video games and gaming disorder symptoms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (12), 6642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126642.
  11. Ekayanti, F., Risahmawati, Mardjikoen, B., Fadhilah, M., & Hendarmin, L.A. (2019). Internet use behavior among senior high schools’ students: A 2017 survey study in Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 25 (3), 1185–1195.
  12. Fahrizal, Y., & Pratama, B.Y. (2021). Intensity of violent behavior in adolescents addicted to violent online games in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Dunia Keperawatan: Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan, 9 (1), 64–70. doi: 10.20527/dk.v9i1.9448.
  13. Fahrizal, Y., Irfanudin, F., & Syahruramdhani, S. (2019). Edukasi penanganan adiksi remaja di sekolah melalui pendekatan kesehatan dan agama. Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 4 (3), 285–292. doi: 10.30653/002.201943.184.
  14. Fazeli, S., Zeidi, I.M, Lin, C.Y., Namdar, P., Griffiths, M.D., Ahorsu, D.K., & Pakpour, A.H. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12, 100307. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100307.
  15. Gentile, D.A., Bailey, K., Bavelier, D., Brockmyer, J.F., Cash, H., Coyne, S.M., Doan, A., Grant, D.S., Green, C.S., Griffiths, M., Markle, T., Petry, N.M., Prot, S., Rae, C.D., Rehbein, F., Rich, M., Sullivan, D., Woolley, E., & Young, K. (2017). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 140 (Suppl 2), S81–S85. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758H.
  16. Gomes, A.C., Rebelo, M.A.B., de Queiroz, A.C., de Queiroz Herkrath, A.P.C., Herkrath, F.J., Vieira, J. M.R., Pereira, J.V., & Vettore, M.V. (2020). Socioeconomic status, social support, oral health beliefs, psychosocial factors, health behaviours and health-related quality of life in adolescents. Quality of Life Research, 29 (1), 141–151. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02279-6.
  17. Gurusinga, M.F. (2020). Hubungan kecanduan game online dengan pola tidur pada remaja usia 16-18 tahun di SMA Negeri 1 Deli Tua Kecamatan Deli Tua Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik, 2 (2), 1–8. doi: 10.36656/jpkm.v2i2.194.
  18. Haryono, R.H.S., & Kurniasari, K. (2018). Stres akademis berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pada remaja. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 1 (1), 75–84. doi: 10.18051/jbio medkes.2018.v1.75-84.
  19. Hellström, C., Nilsson, K.W., Leppert, J., & Åslund, C. (2015). Effects of adolescent online gaming time and motives on depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 120 (4), 263–275. doi: 10.3109/03009734.2015.1049724.
  20. Heng, P.H., Soetikno, N., & Fahditia, A. (2020). Peranan pola asuh orang tua terhadap kualitas hidup remaja perkotaan. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 4 (2), 550–561. doi: 10.24912/jmishumsen.v4i2.6599.
  21. Jap, T., Tiatri, S., Jaya, E.S., & Suteja, M.S. (2013). The development of Indonesian online game addiction questionnaire. PLOS ONE, 8 (4), e61098. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061098.
  22. Jeong, H., Yim, H.W., Lee, S.Y., Lee, H.K., Potenza, M.N., & Lee, H. (2021). Factors associated with severity, incidence or persistence of internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: A 2-year longitudinal study. Addiction, 116 (7), 1828–1838. doi: 10.1111/add.15366.
  23. Ko, C.H., & Yen, J.Y. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on gaming disorder: Monitoring and prevention. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9 (2), 187–189. doi: 10.1556/2006.2020.00040.
  24. Larrieu, M., Billieux, J., & Décamps, G. (2022). Problematic gaming and quality of life in on-line competitive videogame players: Identification of motivational profiles. Addictive Behaviors, 133, 107363. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107363.
  25. Lee, C., & Kim, O. (2017). Predictors of online game addiction among Korean adolescents. Addiction Research & Theory, 25 (1), 58–66. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2016.1198474.
  26. Lemmens, J.S., Valkenburg, P.M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychology, 12 (1), 77–95.doi: 10.1080/15213260802669458.
  27. Liao, Z., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Tan, L., Shao, T., Fang, T., Chen, X., Lin, S., Qi, J., Cai, Y., & Shen, H. (2020). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with personality traits and gaming characteristics among Chinese adolescent gamers. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 598585. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598585.
  28. Männikkö, N., Billieux, J., & Kääriäinen, M. (2015). Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4 (4), 281–288. doi: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.040.
  29. Marroquín, B., Vine, V., & Morgan, R. (2020). Mental health during the COVID-19 pan-demic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and social re-sources. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113419. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113419.
  30. Masyita, A.R. (2016). Pengaruh kontrol diri terhadap kecanduan game online pada pemain Dota 2 Malang. [Undergraduate's thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri]. E-theses of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/3708
  31. Melo, M.C.A., & Soares, D.dS. (2020). Impact of social distancing on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An urgent discussion. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66 (6), 625–626. doi: 10.1177/0020764020927047.
  32. Mobile Marketing Association. (2019). Indonesia mobile ecosystem report 2019. https://www.mmaglobal.com/files/documents/indonesia_mobile_ecosystem_report_2019_-_launch2.pdf
  33. Montag, C., Schivinski, B., & Pontes, H.M. (2021). Is the proposed distinction of gaming disorder into a predominantly online vs. offline form meaningful? Empirical evidence from a large German speaking gamer sample. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100391. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100391.
  34. Nofianti. (2018). Hubungan intensitas bermain game online dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja akhir. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis, 12 (2), 182–186.
  35. Novrialdy, E. (2019). Kecanduan game online pada remaja: Dampak dan pencegahannya. Buletin Psikologi, 27 (2), 148–158. doi: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.47402.
  36. Novtrianti, N., & Diantina, F.P. (2020). Pengaruh motif gaming terhadap perilaku adiksi game online pada remaja Kota Bandung. Prosiding Psikologi, 6 (2), 392–398. doi: 10.29313/v6i2.22462.
  37. Nugraha, Y.P., Awalya, A., & Mulawarman, M. (2021). Video game addiction among students during COVID-19 Pandemic based on regulatory focus theory and interpersonal competence. Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment, 20 (4), 242–249. doi: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000262.
  38. Nurazmi, A., Elita, V., & Dewi, W.N. (2018). Hubungan kecanduan game online terhadap regulasi emosi pada remaja. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Riau, 5 (2), 555–561.
  39. Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2018). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice (9th Ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
  40. Purwaningsih, E., & Nurmala, I. (2021). The impact of online game addiction on adolescent mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9 (F), 260–274. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6234.
  41. Rajkumar, R.P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066.
  42. Ružić-Baf, M., Strnak, H., & Debeljuh, A. (2016). Online video games and young people. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2 (1), 94–103. doi: 10. 21890/ijres.19610.
  43. Sitorus, N., Arfines, P.P., & Suryaputri, I.Y. (2020). Relationship between online game addiction with depression in adolescents from 6 high schools in Indonesia. Global Journal of Health Science, 12 (12), 43–52. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v12n12p43.
  44. Sugaya, N., Shirasaka, T., Takahashi, K., & Kanda, H. (2019). Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review. Bio-PsychoSocial Medicine, 13, 3. doi: 10.1186/s13030-019-0144-5.
  45. Sun, Y., Li, Y., Bao, Y., Meng, S., Sun, Y., Schumann, G., Kosten, T., Strang, J., Lu, L., & Shi, J. (2020). Brief report: Increased addictive internet and substance use behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. The American Journal on Addictions, 29 (4), 268–270. doi: 10.1111/ajad.13066.
  46. Tang, C.S.-K., Koh, Y.W., & Gan, Y. (2017). Addiction to internet use, online gaming, and online social networking among young adults in China, Singapore, and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 29 (8), 673–682. doi: 10.1177/1010539517739558.
  47. Venkatesh, A., & Edirappuli, S. (2020). Social distancing in COVID-19: What are the mental health implications? BMJ, 369, m1379. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1379.
  48. Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., & Kammerl, R. (2017). Associations of social support, friends only known through the internet, and health-related quality of life with internet gaming disorder in adolescence. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20 (7), 436–441. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0535.
  49. Wittek, C.T., Finserås, T.R., Pallesen, S., Mentzoni, R.A., Hanss, D., Griffiths, M.D., & Molde, H. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of video game addiction: A study based on a national representative sample of gamers. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14 (5), 672–686. doi: 10.1007/s11469-015-9592-8.
  50. World Health Organization. (2004). The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF, 2012 revision. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/77773
  51. World Health Organization. (2012). Programme on mental health: WHOQOL user manual, 2012 revision. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/77932_1–19
  52. World Health Organization. (2020). International classification of diseases eleventh revision (ICD-11). World Health Organization. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
  53. Yanti, N.F., Marjohan, M., & Sarfika, R. (2019). Tingkat adiksi game online siswa SMPN 13 Padang. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 19 (3), 684 –687. doi: 10.33087/jiubj.v19i3.756.
  54. Yusuf, A., Krisnana, I., & Ibrahim, A. (2019). Hubungan kecanduan game online dengan komunikasi interpersonal dan interaksi sosial remaja. Psychiatry Nursing Journal, 1(2), 71–77. doi: 10.20473/pnj.v1i2.13591.
  55. Zaman, M., Babar, M.S., Babar, M., Sabir, F., Ashraf, F., Tahir, M.J., Ullah, I., Griffiths, M.D., Lin, C.-Y., & Pakpour, A.H. (2022). Prevalence of gaming addiction and its impact on sleep quality: A cross-sectional study from Pakistan. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 78, 103641. doi: 10.1016/J.AMSU.2022.103641.

How to Cite

Fahrizal, Y., & Irmawan, H. S. (2023). The Quality of Life of Adolescents Experiencing Online Game Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 26(1), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v26i1.1947