Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Articles
VIEWS: 610
Published: 2022-07-29

Determinants of Nurses’ Safety Attitudes in a Hospital Setting

Dr. Sobirin Hospital, Lubuklinggau, South Sumatera 31613
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424

Abstract

Hospital patient safety socialization is a routine part of nursing care. Although nurses’ knowledge of patient safety affects nurses’ safety attitudes, such knowledge may not be optimal. This study explored potential factors determining nurses’ safety attitudes in a hospital setting. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The study population comprised 376 nurses who were recruited using the purposive sampling method. The instruments were valid and reliable. The test results were as follows: job satisfaction: 0.356–0.575 (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.724); workload: 0.338–0.613 (Cronbach alpha: 0.736), job stress: 0.542–0.719 (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.756); head nurse’s management function: 0.401–0.822 (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.760); working conditions: 0.488–0.670 (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.767); and nurses’ safety attitudes: 0.300–0.827 (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.771). The data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analyses, using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed a relationship between the following variables and nurses’ safety attitudes: age (p = 0.001), work experience (p = 0.001), job satisfaction (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.025), clinical nurses’ career path (p = 0.001), patient safety training (p = 0.032), workload (p = 0.001), work stress (p = 0.009), head nurse’s management function (p = 0.001), and working conditions (p = 0.001). Workload was the most influential factor affecting nurses’ safety attitudes (original sample = -0.776). To improve nurses’ safety attitudes, hospitals need to pay attention to nurses’ job satisfaction, workload, work stress, and working conditions and optimize the head nurse’s management function to improve nurses’ safety attitudes.

Keywords: determinant, nurses, safety attitudes, workload

 

Abstrak

 

Determinan Sikap Keselamatan Perawat di Rumah Sakit. Sosialisasi keselamatan pasien rumah sakit telah rutin dilakukan, tetapi pengetahuan perawat tentang keselamatan pasien yang akan memengaruhi sikap keselamatan perawat masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi (determinan) sikap keselamatan perawat di rumah sakit. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional ini dilakukan pada 376 perawat yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen tersebut valid dan reliabel dengan hasil uji kepuasan kerja adalah 0,356–0,575 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,724), beban kerja adalah 0,338–0,613 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,736), stres kerja adalah 0,542–0,719 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,756), fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan adalah 0,4010,822 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,760), kondisi kerja adalah 0,488–0,670 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,767), sikap keselamatan adalah 0,3000,827 (Cronbach alpha’s 0,771). Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Model. Ada hubungan antara umur (p = 0,001), pengalaman kerja (p = 0,001), kepuasan kerja (p = 0,001), jenis kelamin (p = 0,025), jenjang karir perawat klinik (p = 0,001), pelatihan keselamatan pasien (p = 0,032), beban kerja (p = 0,001), stres kerja (p = 0,009), fungsi manajemen kepala perawat (p = 0,001), dan kondisi kerja (p = 0,001) dengan sikap keselamatan perawat. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap sikap keselamatan perawat adalah beban kerja (Original sample = -0,776). Rumah sakit perlu memperhatikan kepuasan kerja perawat, beban kerja, stres kerja, kondisi kerja, dan optimalisasi fungsi manajemen kepala perawat untuk meningkatkan sikap keselamatan perawat.

 

Kata Kunci: beban kerja, determinan, perawat, sikap keselamatan

References

  1. Abu-El-Noor, N.I., Abu-El-Noor, M.K., Abuowda, Y.Z., Alfaqawi, M., & Böttcher, B. (2019). Patient safety culture among nurses working in Palestinian governmental hospital: A pathway to a new policy. BMC Health Services Research, 19 (1), 550. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4374-9.
  2. Alanazi, F.K., Sim, J., & Lapkin, S. (2022). Systematic review: Nurses’ safety attitudes and their impact on patient outcomes in acute-care hospitals. Nursing Open, 9 (1), 30–43. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1063.
  3. Alzahrani, N., Jones, R., Rizwan, A., & Abdel-Latif, M.E. (2018). Safety attitudes in hospital emergency departments: A systematic review. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 32 (7), 1042–1054. doi: 10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2018-0164.
  4. Avia, I., & Hariyati, R.T.S. (2019). Impact of hospital accreditation on quality of care: A literature review. Enfermeria Clinica, 29 (Suppl. 2), 315–320. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.06.003.
  5. Barwari, R.H. (2021). Nurses’ perception about patient safety culture in Duhok Hospitals. Journal of University of Duhok, 24 (2), 36–42. doi: 10.26682/sjuod.2021.24.2.4.
  6. Bento, D.G., Costa, R., Luz, J.H. da, & Klock, P. (2017). Waste management of healthcare services from the perspective of nursing professionals. Texto Contexto Enfermagem, 26 (1), e6680015. doi: 10.1590/0104-07072017006680015.
  7. Bottcher, B., Abu-El-Noor, N., Abuowda, Y., Alfaqawi, M., Alaloul, E., El-Hout, S., Al-Najjar, I., & Abu-El-Noor, M. (2019). Attitudes of doctors and nurses to patient safety and errors in medical practice in the Gaza-Strip: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9 (8), e026788. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026788.
  8. Brasaite, I., Kaunonen, M., Martinkenas, A., & Suominen, T. (2016). Health care professionals’ attitudes regarding patient safety: Cross-sectional survey. BMC Research Notes, 9, 177. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-1977-7.
  9. Bukhari, B. (2019). Budaya keselamatan pasien rumah sakit pemerintah dan rumah sakit swasta di Kota Jambi. Jurnal 'Aisyiyah Medika, 3 (1), 1–18. doi: 10.36729/jam.v3i1. 155.
  10. Carlesi, K.C., Padilha, K.G., Toffoletto, M.C., Henriquez-Roldán, C., & Juan, M.A.C. (2017). Patient safety incidents and nursing workload. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 25, e2841. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.1280.2841.
  11. Delgado, C., Upton, D., Ranse, K., Furness, T., & Foster, K. (2017). Nurses’ resilience and the emotional labour of nursing work: An integrative review of empirical literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 70, 71–88. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.008.
  12. Echevarria, I.M., & Thoman, M. (2017). Weaving a culture of safety into the fabric of nursing. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 48 (12), 18–25. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000526908.16544.29.
  13. El-Azzab, S.E.S.H.I., & Abd El-Aziz, A.M. (2018). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills towards psychiatric patients’ safety. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 7 (3), 13–25.
  14. Elsous, A., Akbari Sari, A., AlJeesh, Y., & Radwan, M. (2017). Nursing perceptions of patient safety climate in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. International Nursing Review, 64 (3), 446–454. doi: 10.1111/inr.12351.
  15. Hariyati, R.T.S., Yetti, K., Afriani, T., & Handiyani, H. (2018). Manajemen risiko bagi manajer keperawatan dalam meningkatkan mutu dan keselamatan pasien. Raja Grafindo Persada.
  16. Keykaleh, M.S., Safarpour, H., Yousefian, S., Faghisolouk, F., Mohammadi, E., & Ghomian, Z. (2018). The relationship between nurse’s job stress and patient safety. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6 (11), 2228–2232.
  17. Kokoroko, E., & Sanda, M.A. (2019). Effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian OPD rurses: The role of coworker support. Safety and Health at Work, 10 (3), 341–346. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.04.002.
  18. Kong, L.N., Zhu, W.F., He,S., Chen, S.Z., Yang, L., Qi, L., & Peng, X. (2019). Attitudes towards patient safety culture among postgraduate nursing students in China: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice, 38, 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.05.014.
  19. Kwon, E., Kim, Y. W., Kim, S.W., Jeon, S., Lee, E., Kang, H., & Nam, S. (2020). A comparative study on patient safety attitude between nurses and doctors in operating rooms. Journal of International Medical Research, 48 (4). doi: 10.1177/0300060519884501.
  20. Lee, Y.-C., Huang, C.-H., Hsu, C.-Y., & Wu, H.-H. (2016). A longitudinal study of assessing the patient safety culture from nurses’ viewpoints based on the safety attitudes questionnaire in Taiwan. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 7 (6), 266–271. doi: 10.18178/ijimt.2016.7.6.685.
  21. Liao, X., Zhang, P., Xu, X., Zheng, D., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Xie, L. (2022). Analysis of factors influencing safety attitudes of operating room nurses and their cognition and attitudes toward adverse event reporting. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022, 8315511. doi: 10.1155/2022/8315511.
  22. Lillykutty, M.J., Mathew, J.A., & Jose, D. (2018). Safe patient care: Knowledge, attitude and practice among ICU nurses. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2 (5), 566–570. doi: 10.31142/ijtsrd15882.
  23. Moghaddam, N.M., Jame, S.Z.B., Rafiei, S., Sarem, A.A., Ghamchili, A., & Shafii, M. (2019). Managerial competencies of head nurses: A model and assessment tool. British Journal of Nursing, 28 (1), 30–37. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.1.30.
  24. Nihayati, H.E., Gunawan, G., Wahyuni, E.D., & Purwanza, S.W. (2019). Attitude of nurses related to the implementation of patient safety in the intensive care unit. Journal Ners, 14 (3), 345–350. doi: 10.20473/jn.v14i3.17313.
  25. Niknejad, R., Akbari, M., Bagheri, M., Hashemi, M., Ghaedi Heidari, F., & Aarabi, A. (2019). Attitudes of healthcare professionals toward patient safety in the operating room. Iran Journal of Nursing, 32 (117), 80–90. doi: 10.29252/ijn.32.117.80.
  26. Oetelaar, W.F.J.M. van den, Van Stel, H.F., Van Rhenen, W., Stellato, R.K., & Grolman, W. (2016). Balancing nurses’ workload in hospital wards: Study protocol of developing a method to manage workload. BMJ Open, 6 (11), 1–11. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012148.
  27. Pérez-Francisco, D.H., Duarte-Clíments, G., Del Rosario-Melián, J.M., Gómez-Salgado, J., Romero-Martín, M., & Sánchez-Gómez, M. B. (2020). Influence of workload on primary care nurses’ health and burnout, patients’ safety, and quality of care: Integrative review. Healthcare (Switzerland), 8 (1), 12. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8010012.
  28. Saberi, M., Jamshidi, E., Rajabi, F., Seydali, E., Bairami, F., & Attitude, B.F. (2017). Attitude of nurses toward the patient safety culture: a cross-sectional study of the hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Journal Patient Quality Improvement, 5 (3), 554–560. doi: 10.22038/PSJ.2017.9037.
  29. Salih, S.A., Abdelkader Reshia, F.A., Bashir, W.A.H., Omar, A.M., & Ahmed Elwasefy, S. (2021). Patient safety attitude and associated factors among nurses at Mansoura University Hospital: A cross sectional study. Interna-tional Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 14, 100287. doi: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100287.
  30. Sillero-Sillero, A., & Zabalegui, A. (2019). Safety and satisfaction of patients with nurse’s care in the perioperative. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 27, e3142. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.2646.3142.
  31. Smits, M., Keizer, E., Giesen, P., Deilkås, E.C.T., Hofoss, D., & Bondevik, G.T. (2017). The psychometric properties of the “safety Attitudes questionnaire” in out-of-hours primary care services in the Netherlands. PLoS ONE, 12 (2), e0172390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172390.
  32. Suganda, T., Hariyati, R.R.T.S., Handiyani, H., & Rahman, L.O.A. (2021). Hubungan karakteristik perawat dan safety attitude di rumah sakit Jakarta. Jurnal Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Keperawatan, 4 (2). doi: 10.32584/jkmk.v4i2.1215.
  33. Tetuan, T., Ohm, R., Kinzie, L., McMaster, S., Moffitt, B., & Mosier, M. (2017). Does systems thinking improve the perception of safety culture and patient safety? Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8 (2), 31–39. doi: 10.1016/S2155-8256(17)30096-0.
  34. Tondo, J.C.A., & Guirardello, E.deB. (2017). Perception of nursing professionals on patient safety culture. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70 (6), 1284–1290. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0010.
  35. Ünver, G., & Seren, A.K.H. (2018). Defining the patient safety attitudes and influencing factors of health professionals working at maternity hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management, 26 (5), 579–586. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12585.
  36. Winning, A.M., Merandi, J.M., Lewe, D., Stepney, L.M.C., Liao, N.N., & Fortney, C.A. (2017). The emotional impact of errors or adverse events on healthcare providers in the NICU: The protective role of coworker support. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74 (1), 172–180. doi: 10.1111/jan.13403.
  37. Yoo, M.S., & Kim, K.J. (2017). Exploring the influence of nurse work environment and patient safety culture on attitudes toward incident reporting. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 47 (9), 434–440. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000510.
  38. Zhang, F., Tian, L., Shang, X., Li, X., Xue, R., Cheng, S., & Chen, C. (2018). Exploring relationships between first-line nurse manager’s safety attitudes and safety factors in Henan, China. Journal of Nursing Management, 26 (3), 314–320. doi: 10.1111/ jonm.12549.

How to Cite

Agustina, F. U., Handiyani, H., & Afriani, T. (2022). Determinants of Nurses’ Safety Attitudes in a Hospital Setting. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 25(2), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v25i2.846