Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Articles
VIEWS: 829
Published: 2024-07-30

Alternative Therapies of the Banjar People for Children with Fevers

Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin 70115
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Batam, Kepulauan Riau 29432
Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin 70115
alternative therapies Banjar people children fever

Abstract

Fevers often occur in children under five years of age due to the immature formation of their immune systems. Such fevers signify that something unusual is happening in the body, often due to illness. Parents conduct various management techniques, such as medical or traditional treatments, based on their beliefs. Banjar society has a health culture known as bapidara, which is used to treat children with fevers presumably attributable to supernatural disturbances. This exploratory research aimed to discover what alternative therapies the Banjar people use to treat children with fevers. This qualitative study used a transcendental phenomenological design. Data collection was conducted with eight mothers who had children under the age of five using in-depth interviews. Five themes were identified based on the findings: the mothers’ actions in treating children with fevers, the mothers’ understanding of bapidara as local wisdom, the procedures for performing bapidara, the health progress of the children after bapidara, and factors that influence the choice of bapidara as a traditional treatment to relieve fever. This research can be used as the initial basis for cultural nursing care decisions in the development of complementary therapy for the initial treatment of children with fever at home using medicinal plants tested for their effectiveness as family-centered care.

Keywords: alternative therapies, Banjar people, children, fever

 

Abstrak

Terapi Alternatif Masyarakat Banjar dalam Penanganan Anak Demam. Demam sering terjadi pada anak usia di bawah usia lima tahun karena pembentukan kekebalan tubuh yang belum sempurna. Demam juga menjadi penanda sesuatu yang tidak biasa sedang terjadi di dalam tubuh, seringkali disebabkan karena adanya penyakit. Orang tua melakukan berbagai tindakan pertolongan seperti pengobatan medis ataupun tradisional berdasarkan sudut pandang kepercayaan mereka. Masyarakat Banjar memiliki budaya kesehatan yang dikenal dengan bapidara, yang dipercaya sebagai pengobatan untuk anak demam akibat gangguan supranatural. Penelitian eksploratif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terapi alternatif apa yang digunakan masyarakat Banjar untuk mengobati anak yang demam. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain transenden fenomenologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada delapan ibu yang memiliki anak balita melalui wawancara mendalam. Ada lima tema yang diidentifikasi berdasarkan temuan, yaitu: tindakan ibu dalam menangani anak demam, pemahaman ibu tentang bapidara sebagai kearifan lokal, prosedur melakukan bapidara, perkembangan kesehatan anak setelah bapidara, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi memilih bapidara sebagai pengobatan tradisional untuk meredakan demam. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar awal keputusan asuhan keperawatan budaya dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang terapi komplementer untuk penanganan pertama anak demam di rumah dengan tumbuhan obat yang sudah teruji efektivitasnya sebagai perawatan berpusat pada keluarga (family centered care).

Kata Kunci: anak, demam, masyarakat Banjar, terapi alternatif

References

  1. Alligood, M.R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work (8th Ed.). Elsevier.
  2. Alligood, M.R. (2017). Pakar teori keperawatan dan karya mereka (Indonesia version, 8th Ed.). Elsevier.
  3. Anggeriyane, E. (2019). Hubungan usia, paritas ibu dan usia ayah dengan kejadian anak sindrom down SLB Negeri Pelambuan Banjarmasin Tahun 2019. Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan, 4 (2), 85-96. doi: 10.51143/jksi.v4i2.241.
  4. Anggeriyane, E. (2022). Mother’s experience of Banjar tribe for handling fever in children under five years old in Banjarmasin City. East Asian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research (EAJMR), 1 (11), 2407–2416. doi: 10.55927/eajmr.v1i11.2056.
  5. Anggeriyane, E., Noorhasanah, E., & Nurhayati, I. (2021). The effectiveness of the kangaroo mother care for low birth weight baby in maintaining thermoregulation stabilization: A case study. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 7 (2), 185–194. doi: 10.17509/jpki.v7i2.39191.
  6. Ashraf, K., & Sultan, S. (2017). A comprehensive review on Curcuma longa Linn: Phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular study. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 11 (4), S671–S685. doi: 10.22377/ijgp.v11i04.1343.
  7. Astutik, S., Sutamin, H., & Astuti, W.D. (2016). Perempuan Banjar dalam dekapan penyakit “kelalah.” In Buku seri etnografi kesehatan 2015. Unesa University Press.
  8. Azis, A. (2019). KUNYIT (Curcuma Domestica Val) sebagai obat antipiretik. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 6 (2), 116–120.
  9. Babaei, F., Nassiri-Asl, M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID-19. Food Science and Nutrition, 8 (10), 5215–5227. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1858.
  10. Barbi, E., Marzuillo, P., Neri, E., Naviglio, S., & Krauss, B. (2017). Fever in children: Pearls and pitfalls. Children, 4 (9), 81. doi: 10.3390/children4090081.
  11. Chairulfatah, A. (2017). Demam pada anak: Patogenesis dan aplikasi klinis (1st Ed.). Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia.
  12. Cramer, H. (2023). The world health organization traditional medicine strategy: Enhancing healthcare access, health equity, and health choices worldwide. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 29 (11), 689–690. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2023.29124.editorial.
  13. Creswell, J.W. (2015). Penelitian kualitatif dan desain riset: Memilih diantara lima pendekatan. Pustaka Pelajar.
  14. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjarmasin. (2018). Data angka kejadian demam tahun 2016 dan 2017 [Unpublished data].
  15. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Prabumulih. (2019). Profil kesehatan Kota Prabumulih tahun 2019. Retrieved from: https://dinkes.kotaprabumulih.go.id:4433/index.php/public/file/get/f10028/i0003/j0003/19
  16. Doloksaribu, T.M., & Siburian, M. (2017). Pengetahuan ibu dalam penanganan demam pada anak balita (1-5 tahun) di RSUD Fajar Sari Rejo Medan Polonia tahun 2016. Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED, 11 (3), 213–216. doi: 10.36911/pannmed.v11i3.103.
  17. Hailu, F., Cherie, A., Gebreyohannis, T., & Hailu, R. (2020). Determinants of traditional medicine utilization for children: A parental level study in Tole District, Oromia, Ethiopia. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20 (1), 125. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-02928-1.
  18. Haryani, S., Adimayanti, E., & Astuti, A.P. (2018). Pengaruh tepid sponge terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh pada anak pra sekolah yang mengalami demam di RSUD Ungaran. Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama, 7 (1), 44-53. doi: 10.31596/jcu.v0i0.212.
  19. Hidayat, I.R.S., Si, M., & Napitupulu, R.M. (2015). Kitab tumbuhan obat. AgriFlo.
  20. Jia, Y., Gao, J., Dai, J., Zheng, P., & Fu, H. (2017). Associations between health culture, health behaviors, and health-related outcomes: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 12 (7), e0178644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178644.
  21. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). (2019). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2018 nasional. Retrieved from: https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf
  22. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). (2023a). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/2015/2023 tentang petunjuk teknis integrasi pelayanan kesehatan primer. Retrieved from: https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/konten/159/0/petunjuk-teknis-integrasi-pelayanan-kesehatan-primer
  23. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). (2023b). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2022. Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/indonesia-health-profile-2022
  24. Khalandar, S.D., Adithya, T.N., Basha, S.J., Koshma, M., Subbareddy, U.V., & Reddy, V.J.S. (2018). A current review on Curcuma Longa Linn. Plant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 8 (1), 68–73.
  25. Krisnanto, P.D., Julia, M., & Lusmilasari, L. (2016). Faktor yang mempengaruhi pencarian pengobatan anak balita demam. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta, 3 (2), 10–16. doi: 10.35842/jkry.v3i2.24.
  26. Kyle, T., & Carman, S. (2015). Buku ajar keperawatan pediatri (2nd Ed., Vol. 2). Penerbit Buku Kedokteran (EGC).
  27. Lindquist, R., Tracy, M.F., & Snyder, M. (Eds.). (2018). Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing (8th Ed.). Springer Publishing Company. doi: 10.1891/9780826144348.
  28. Masdiana, M., Tahlil, T., & Imran, I. (2016). Persepsi, sikap dan perilaku ibu dalam merawat balita dengan diare. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 4 (1), 100–112.
  29. Megawati, M., Rohayati, N., & Sa’adah, N.S. (2022). Kajian etnomedisin (bapidara) sebagai terapi kompelementer di masa pandemi. Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer, 4 (2), 109–117. doi: 10.18592/msr.v4i2.7665.
  30. Mora, G., Sari, R.S., & Ratnasari, F. (2020). Health communication: Mother’s knowledge and treatment of fever in children. INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication), 5 (2), 135–142. doi: 10.18326/inject.v5i2.135-142.
  31. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2019). Fever in under 5s: Assessment and initial management. Retrieved from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng143
  32. Nugraheny, A.R. (2021). Eksistensi kearifan lokal masyarakat Banjar: Pengobatan tradisional bepidara sebagai sumber belajar IPS. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/k9aem.
  33. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). (2023). The WHO strategy on traditional medicine was extended until 2025. Retrieved from: https://mtci.bvsalud.org/en/the-who-strategy-on-traditional-medicine-was-extended-until-2025/
  34. Praditya, D., Kirchhoff, L., Bruning, J., Rachmawati, H., Steinmann, J., & Steinmann, E. (2019). Anti-infective properties of the golden spice curcumin. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 912. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00912.
  35. Resmi, S.A.D., Mariana, E.R., & Ilmi, B. (2017). Persepsi orang tua terhadap terapi komplementer dalam penanganan demam pada balita di Desa Tabudarat Hilir Kecamatan Las Kabupaten HST. Jurnal Citra Keperawatan, 5 (1), 19–25.
  36. Rodriguez, M.G.V-., & Martin, B.R-. (2019). Parental approach to the management of childhood fever: Differences between health professional and non-health professional parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (20), 4014. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16204014.
  37. Sathish, D. (2022). Coimbatore: Parents shiver as fever stalks kids. The Times of India. Retrieved from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/coimbatore-parents-shiver-as-fever-stalks-kids/articleshow/94275762.cms
  38. Setyoningsih, A., & Artaria, M.D. (2016). Pemilihan penyembuhan penyakit melalui pengobatan tradisional non medis atau medis. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 29 (1), 44–56. doi: 10.20473/mkp.V29I12016.44-56.
  39. Situmorang, R.O.P., & Harianja, A. (2014). Faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi kearifan lokal pemanfaatan obat-obatan tradisional oleh etnik Karo. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil Penelitian Tahun 2014 Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Aek Nauli Medan, 40–53.
  40. Sudibyo, D.G., Anindra, R.P., Gihart, Y.E., Ni’azzah, R.A., Kharisma, N., Pratiwi, S.C., Chelsea, S.D., Sari, R.F., Arista, I., Damayanti, V.M., Azizah, E.W., Poerwantoro, E., Fatmaningrum, H., & Hermansyah, A. (2020). Pengetahuan ibu dan cara penanganan demam pada anak. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 7 (2), 69-76. doi: 10.20473/jfk.v7i2.21808.
  41. Tafti, B.F., Salmani, N., & Azad, S.A. (2017). The maternal experiences of child care with fever: A qualitative study. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5 (2), 4429–4437. doi: 10.22038/ijp.2017.21615.1807.
  42. Wardhani, L.K., & Kentjono, W.A. (2015). Aliran limfatik daerah kepala dan leher serta aspek klinisnya. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Bedah Kepala dan Leher, 4 (1), 33–51.
  43. Wardiyah, A., Setiawati, S., & Setiawan, D. (2016). Perbandingan efektifitas pemberian kompres hangat dan tepid sponge terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak yang mengalami demam RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Journal of Nuring Science Update: FIKES Universitas Brawijaya, 4 (1), 44–56.
  44. World Health Organization (WHO). (2013). WHO informal consultation on fever management in peripheral health care settings: A global review of evidence and practice. WHO Press. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/95116/9789241506489_eng.pdf
  45. World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Proportion of children under five years of age with fever for whom advice or treatment was sought. WHO Press. Retrieved from: https://platform.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-new/MCA/proportion-of-children-under-five-years-of-age-with-fever-for-whom-advice-or-treatment-was-sought

How to Cite

Anggeriyane, E., Hamzah, H., & Nurhikmah, N. (2024). Alternative Therapies of the Banjar People for Children with Fevers. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 27(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v27i2.905