Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Articles
VIEWS: 571
Published: 2021-03-31

Phenomenological Study on the Experience of Male Nurses in Caring for Female Patients

Regional General Hospital Depok, Depok 16435
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
care ethics female patient male nurse patient culture

Abstract

Nurses provide care equally and do not discriminate between men and women. However, male nurses face challenges and obstacles, especially when they take care of female patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of male nurses who look after female patients by using a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Ten male nurse participants aged 26–43 years and having an experience of caring for female patients for at least 2 years were included in this study. Seven themes were identified: the discomfort of female patients and male nurses; patient’s trust and privacy; the identification of factors affected by body image, age, and types of sensitive areas and actions; attention to the religion, personal beliefs, ethics, and culture of patients; professionalism, role, and competencies of nurses; communication strategies and asking for female nurses for assistance based on team methods; and the view of males in the nursing profession. This study focused on two of the main themes: attention to the religion, personal beliefs, ethics, and cultures of patients and communication strategies and asking female nurses on the team for help. Results suggest that nursing facilities need to improve their patient-focused services by considering a patient’s ethical and cultural concerns, using communication strategies, and seeking team assistance when needed in accordance with a hospital’s national accreditation standards.

 

Abstrak

Studi Fenomenologi Pengalaman Perawat Laki-Laki dalam Merawat Pasien Perempuan. Perawat memberikan asuhan yang setara dan tidak membeda-bedakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun perawat laki-laki menghadapi tantangan dan kendala, terutama saat merawat pasien perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman perawat laki-laki yang merawat pasien perempuan dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sepuluh peserta perawat laki-laki berusia 26–43 tahun dan memiliki pengalaman merawat pasien perempuan setidaknya selama 2 tahun dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuh tema diidentifikasi, yaitu ketidaknyamanan pasien wanita dan perawat pria; kepercayaan dan privasi pasien; identifikasi faktor yang dipengaruhi oleh citra tubuh, usia, dan jenis area dan tindakan sensitif; perhatian pada agama, keyakinan pribadi, etika, dan budaya pasien; profesionalisme, peran, dan kompetensi perawat; strategi komunikasi dan meminta bantuan perawat wanita berdasarkan metode tim; dan pandangan laki-laki dalam profesi perawat. Studi ini berfokus pada dua tema utama, yaitu perhatian pada agama, keyakinan pribadi, etika, dan budaya pasien serta strategi komunikasi dan meminta bantuan perawat wanita dalam tim. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fasilitas keperawatan perlu meningkatkan layanan yang berfokus pada pasien dengan mempertimbangkan masalah etika dan budaya pasien, menggunakan strategi komunikasi, dan mencari bantuan tim bila diperlukan sesuai dengan standar akreditasi nasional rumah sakit.

Kata kunci: budaya pasien, etika, pasien perempuan, perawat laki-laki, perawatan

References

  1. Alligood, M.R. (2017). Introduction to nursing theory: Its history and significance. In M.R. Alligood (Ed.), Nursing theorists and their work (9th Ed.) (pp. 2–9). Elsevier Health Sciences.
  2. Aranda, M., Castillo-Mayén, M.D.R., & Montes-Berges, B. (2015). Has the traditional social perception on nurses changed? Attribution of
  3. stereotypes and gender roles. Acción Psicológica, 12 (1), 103–112. doi: 10.5944/ap.12.1.14353
  4. Barrett-Landau, S., & Henle, S. (2014). Men in nursing: Their influence in a female dominated career. Journal for Leadership and Instruction, 13 (2), 10–13.
  5. Bertens, K. (2013). Etika. Penerbit Kanisius.
  6. Blair, D. (2016). Exploring the lived experience of male registered nurses in the workforce: A phenomenological inquiry (Doctoral dissertation, Barry University). Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:2048/docview/1879723178?accountid=28692
  7. Bauret, J. (2016). Male nurses’ lived experiences with lateral violence in the workplace (Doctoral dissertation, The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing). University of Phoenix, California. Retrieved from https://research.phoenix.edu/.../male-nurses-lived-experiences-lateral-violence-workplace
  8. Chan, C.T. (2014). Therapeutic relationship between male nursing students and female patients. American Journal of Men’s Health, 8 (4), 300–309. doi: 10.1177/1557988313509833
  9. Central of Board of the Indonesian National Nurses Association. (2017). Pedoman perilaku sebagai penjabaran kode etik keperawatan. Central Board of the Indonesian National Nurse Association.
  10. Fisher, M.J. (2009). Being a Chameleon: Labour processes of male nurses performing bodywork. Jan Loading Global Nursing Research, 65 (12), 43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05120
  11. Frimpong, D. (2016). Men in a female-dominated profession: The lived experiences of Ghanaian male nurses in the United States.
  12. (Doctoral dissertation, The degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing). Lesley University, Cambridge. Retrieved from https://digital commons.lesley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008& context...%0Ab
  13. Grogan, S. (2008). Body image and health: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  14. Hariyati, R.T.S. (2014). Perencanaan, pengembangan dan utilisasi tenaga keperawatan (1st Ed.). Rajawali Press.
  15. Hart, P.L., & Mareno, N. (2014). Cultural challenges and barriers through the voices of nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23 (15-16), 2223–2233. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12500
  16. Hospital Accreditation Commission (KARS). (2018). Standar nasional akreditasi rumah sakit (1st Ed.). Hospital Accreditation Commission/Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (KARS).
  17. Huber, D.L. (2014). Leadership nursing care management (5th Ed.). Elsevier Inc.
  18. Menendez, J.B. (2013). Informed consent: essential legal and ethical principles for nurses. JONA'S Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation, 15 (4), 140–144. doi: 10.1097/NHL.0000000000000015
  19. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. (2017). Regulation of Health Minister, Republic of Indonesia, No. 40 of 2017 concerning the professional career development of clinical nurses. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia.
  20. Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Republic of Indonesia (2014). Undang-Undang No. 38 tahun 2014 tentang Keperawatan (Law No.
  21. of 2014 concerning Nursing). Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Republic of Indonesia.
  22. Nipuli, L., & Salmon, C. (2015). Being a nurse is not my gender, It’s what I was professionally trained to do “The experiences of male nurses in providing intimate care to female patients at a health care facility in Central Finland (Bachelor’s Thesis, Degree Programme in Nursing). Social Services, Health and Sport, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/ handle/10024/98257
  23. O’Lynn, C., & Krautscheid, L. (2011). How should I touch you? A qualitative study of attitudes on intimate touch in nursing care. American Journal of Nursing, 111 (3), 24–31. doi: 10.1097/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000395237.83851.79
  24. Roth, J.E., & Coleman, C.L. (2008). Perceived and real barriers for men entering nursing: Implications for gender diversity. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 15 (3), 148–152. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2010.10.006
  25. Roussel, L.A, Thomas, T., & Harris, J.L. (2016). Management and leadership for nurse administrators (7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  26. Sheldon, L. (2009). Communication for nurses: Talking with patients (2nd Ed). Jones and Bartlett Learning.
  27. Sitorus, R., & Panjaitan, R. (2011). Manajemen keperawatan: Manajemen keperawatan di ruang rawat. Sagung Seto.
  28. Streubert, H.J., & Carpenter, D.R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (5th Ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  29. Tzeng, Y.L., Chen, J.Z., Tu, H.C., & Tsai, T.W. (2009). Role strain of different gender nursing students in obstetrics practice: A comparative study. The Journal of Nursing Research, 17 (1), 1–9. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181999b85
  30. Zhang, W., & Liu, Y.L. (2016). Demonstration of caring by males in clinical practice: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 3 (3), 323–327. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.07.006

How to Cite

Maryunani, A., Hariyati, R. T. S., & Novieastari, E. (2021). Phenomenological Study on the Experience of Male Nurses in Caring for Female Patients. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 24(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v24i1.690