Abstract
Perhaps an all-encompassing aspiration of everyone who has ever walked the earth is to have lived his/her life to the fullest. However, the life experiences of each individual are the products of the decisions they make. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of older adults in Cabulijan, Tubigon, Bohol, Philippines’ self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people to the level of their life satisfaction. Specifically, it sought to address the following queries: Is there a significant relationship between self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people, and relationships with other people and the level of life satisfaction of older adults? Which of the factors of self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people significantly contribute to the level of life satisfaction of older adults? Fifty respondents 65 years and older comprised the respondents of this research. The method used was cross-sectional explanatory design. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman’s rank correlation were the statistical tools applied in this study. The findings indicate support for the research hypotheses advanced in this study that posited the existence of a significant relationship between social provisions received from other people and relationships with other people, respectively, tended to manifest higher life satisfaction. This implies that the research respondents with higher ratings of each of the social provisions received from other people and relationships to other people tend to maintain higher life satisfaction whereas self-esteem has been found out to be of no significant relationship with life satisfaction.
Abstrak
Kepuasan Hidup Lansia Filipina yang Tinggal di Wilayah Pesisir. Kehidupan yang berkualitas merupakan dambaan semua orang. Namun, kesempatan tersebut tidak dapat dirasakan oleh semua orang karena pada hakikatnya, kehidupan yang berkualitas sangat bergantung pada pilihan hidup tiap individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara self-esteem pada lansia di Cabuljan, Tubigol, Bohol, Filipina, dukungan, dan hubungan sosial terhadap tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia. Penelitian ini juga berfokus menjawab beberapa pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut: apakah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara self-esteem, dukungan sosial, dan hubungan sosial serta tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia? Manakah di antara faktor-faktor, seperti self-esteem, dukungan, dan hubungan sosial yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia? Sebanyak 50 responden dengan rentang umur 65 tahun ke atas bersedia untuk menjadi responden pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian eksplanatori dengan desain cross-sectional. Kemudian, instrumen statistika penelitian yang digunakan ialah seperti frekuensi, persentase, rata-rata tertimbang, dan Spearman’s rank correlation. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa hasil penelitian mendukung hipotesa penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada dukungan dan hubungan sosial dengan kepuasan hidup yang tinggi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa para responden dengan dukungan dan hubungan sosial yang tinggi memiliki kepuasan hidup yang tinggi juga, namun ditemukan juga bahwa self-esteem tidak memengaruhi tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia.
Kata Kunci: dukungan sosial, hubungan sosial, kepuasan hidup, lansia, self-esteem
References
- Abraham, K.D. (2010). A study on the self-esteem and social relations of adolescents with learning disability (Master’s thesis, Christ University). Christ University Institutional Repository. Retrieved from http://repository.christuniversity.in/1857/
- Ackerman, C.E. (2020, January 9). Life satisfaction theory and 4 contributing factors. Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/life-satisfaction/
- Arkansas State University. (2018, March 22). The nurse's role in patient education. Retrieved from https://degree.astate.edu/articles/nursing/nurses-role-patient-education.aspx
- Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L.M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61 (2), 226–244. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226.
- Cheng, S.T., & Chan, A.C.M. (2006). Relationship with others and life satisfaction in later life: Do gender and widowhood make a difference? The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, 61 (1), 46–53. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.1.p46.
- Cherry, K. (2020, June 3). The 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Verywell Mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-4136760
- Chiu, C.Y., Motl, R.W., & Ditchman, N. (2016). Validation of the social provisions scale in people with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 61 (3), 297–307. doi: 10.1037/rep0000089.
- Cire, B. (2016, March 28). World’s older population grows dramatically: NIH-funded census bureau report offers details of the global aging phenomenon. NIH. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically
- Cutrona, C.E., & Russel, D.W. (1983). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. In W.H. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in Personal Relationships (pp. 37–67). JAI Press.
- Gilmar, R., Huebner, E., & Laughlin, J. (2000). A first study of the multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale with adolescents. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 52 (2), 135–160. doi: 10.1023/A:1007059227507.
- Gana, K., Bailly, N., Saada, Y., Joulain, M., & Alaphillipe, D. (2013). Does life satisfaction change in old age: Results from an 8-year longitudinal study. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, 68 (4), 540–552. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs093.
- He, W., Goodkind, D., Kowal, P., & The United States Census Bureau. (2016). International population reports, P95/16-1, an aging world: 2015. U.S. Government Publishing Office. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2016/demo/P95-16-1.html
- Knickman, J.R., & Snell, E.K. (2002). The 2030 problem: Caring for aging baby boomers. Health Services Research, 37 (4), 849–884. doi: 10.1034%2Fj.1600-0560.2002.56.x.
- McLeod, S. (2020, December 29). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
- Neugarten, B.L., Havighurst, R.J., & Tobin, S.S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16 (2), 134–143. doi: 10.1093/geronj/16.2.134.
- Patel, A.K., Tiwari, S.K., Singh, S., & Lindinger-Stemart, S. (2018). Self-esteem and life satisfaction among university students of Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India: A demographical perspective. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 9 (3), 382–386.
- Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
- Suzanna, S., Mustikasari, M., & Wardhani, I.Y. (2016). Penurunan depresi pada lansia harga diri rendah melalui terapi aktivitas kelompok dan terapi kognitif. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 19 (3), 184–190. doi: 10.7454/jki.v19i3.470.
- The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2018). UNHCR policy on age, gender, and diversity. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/policy-age-gender-diversity-accountability-2018.html
- Veenhoven, R. (2012). Happiness: Also known as “life satisfaction” and “subjective well-being”. In K.C. Land, A.C. Michalos, & M.J.
- Sirgy (Eds.), Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research (pp. 63–77). Springer Netherlands.